Effect of methanol crude leaves extract and aqueous fraction of Acacia Nilotica on lipid profile and liver enzymes on alloxan -induced diabetic wistar rats

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of methanol crude leaves extract and aqueous fraction of Acacia nilotica on liver enzymes and lipid profiles of alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan dissolved in 0.9%v/v cold normal saline solution at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight, after which the rats were randomly divided into six groups. Groups 1 served as control, Group 2, received insulin (6 i.u/kg), Group 3 received 500mg/kg of crude extract of Acacia nilotica. Group 4 received 1000mg/kg crude extract of Acacia nilotica, Group 5 received 500mg/kg aqueous fraction of Acacia nilotica and Group 6 received 1000mg/kg aqueous fraction of Acacia nilotica. The results obtained showed a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in levels of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol and an increase in the level of high density lipoprotein in groups the treated groups when compared with the untreated group group.. Also as regards to the liver enzymes there was a statistical significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of alanine aminotransferase alanine aspartate aminotransferase and Alanine phosphatase in groups treated groups when compared with the control untreated group. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids and steroids. The median lethal dose (LD50) in rats was calculated to be 2,154.1 mg/kg bodyweight for both the methanol crude leaves extract and aqueous fraction of Acacia nilotica.